About Newton (temperature scale)
The Newton scale is a temperature scale that is now obsolete.
On the Newton scale the zero point is the freezing point of water and 33 degrees is the boiling point. This means that each degree on the Newton scale is significantly larger than a degree on the Celsius or Fahrenheit scales.
The Newton scale has been consigned to the history books but may be referenced in some (very) old textbooks.
About Rankine
Rankine is temperature unit normally used in thermodynamics. It is named after the Scottish engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine, who is know for his work in thermodynamics. The Rankine scale is based on the Fahrenheit scale with degree increments identical but starting at absolute zero.
With the zero point at absolute zero (-459.67°F) it is easy to convert between Rankine and Fahrenheit: simply subtract 459.67.
The Rankine scale is not normally used in everyday life as it is an engineering unit particularly thermodynamics in the United States.
